Introduction to Vedic Astrology

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3. SOUTHERN LONGITUDE BIRTH:

1. Calculate the Sidereal Time Birth (ST Birth) like in Foreign Birth Northern Longitude Birth.

2. Add/Deduct (as per our choice) 12 Hours to the ST Birth.

3. Then calculate Ascendant (including Ayanamsha Correction) as in case of Northern Longitude Place.

4. Add/Deduct (as per our choice) 6 signs to get the Final Ascendant for the Southern Longitude Birth.

 

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4. FINDING PLANETARY POSITIONS (AT BIRTH TIME):

LOCAL BIRTH( in India):

1. After ascertaining the Ascendant, calculate the position of different planets at Birth Time.

2. Information is to be taken from Indian Ephemeris.

3. Indian Ephemeris gives the longitudes of different planets on a given day at 5.30 a.m. IST.

4. Find the two dates between which birth time falls and find the longitudes for each Planet for the two days.

5. Calculate the movement of the Planets in a particular day, which is for 24 Hrs (1440 minutes), by obtaining the difference in the longitudes of each of the Planets.

6. Find the movement of Planet till birth time, by proportionately adjusting thedifference; That is, if the difference in time from Birth-Time and 5.30 a.m. (at which longitude is given for a day) is called ‘a’ minutes, then movement of planet till Birth-Time, called ‘x’, is calculated as under:

x = Difference in Longitude X (a/1440)

7. Add/Deduct x to the given Longitude of the Planet and the Longitude so arrived at is the position of the particular Planet at Birth-Time.

Out side India Birth:

1. Adjust the birth time to IST (from Page 109-111 of Table of Ascendants).

2. After getting the IST of Birth, work out the planetary positions as for Local Birth.

 

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VIMSHOTTARI DASHA

Vimshottari Dasha is calculated based on Moon’s position at Birth Time.

One Cycle or Total of Vimshottari Dasha is 120 Years, per following order; if a person survives One Cycle of Vimshottari Dasha, then the same order follows for Second Cycle.

S. No. Nakshatras (in which Lord Dasha/
Moon was placed at Birth) Years

01. Ashwani / Magha / Moola Ketu 07
02. Bharani / Purva Phalguni / Purvashadha Venus 20
03. Kruttika / Uttar Phalguni / Uttarashadha Sun 06
04. Rohini / Hasta / Sravana Moon 10
05. Mrigasira / Chitra / Dhanishta Mars 07
06. Ardra / Swathi / Satabhisha Rahu 18
07. Punarvasu / Visakha / Purvabhadra Jupiter 16
08. Pushya / Anuradha / Uttarabhadra Saturn 19
09. Aslesha / Jyestha / Revati Mercury 17

 

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INITIAL DASHA / BALANCE OF DASHA AT BIRTH:

There are two methods to calculate the Balance of Dasha at Birth:

FIRST METHOD:

1. Take Longitude of Moon at Birth Time (Calculate from Indian Ephemeris - like in Planetary Position at Birth)

2. For the given Longitude of Moon find out the applicable Dasha from Indian Ephemeris – Page 114-115 and the period of Dasha remaining.

3. If Longitude of Moon at Birth requires adjustment, then make necessary adjustments per Table given in Page 115 of Indian Ephemeris.

4. That is, the time obtained from (b) and (c) above gives the Dasha of Lord/Planet remaining at Birth Time.

SECOND METHOD:

1. Find the Nakshatra at the Time of Birth (based on Moon’s Longitude at Birth)

2. Convert Moon’s Longitude to a single unit, i.e. Minutes or Degrees, as the case may be (For this 1[SUP]s[/SUP] = 30[SUP]o;[/SUP] 1[SUP]o[/SUP] = 60’; 1’ = 60”)

5. Divide the converted figure by the duration of one Nakshatra, which is 13[SUP]o[/SUP] 20’ (equivalent to 800’). For accurate result, we should get to the last possible decimal place in this division.

6. The Integer or Quotient indicates the Nakshatras already passed at Birth Time.

7. Decimal Portion indicates the Nakshatra running (i.e. Nakshatra next to the Integer or Quotient) and the Decimal Part gives the time elapsed for the running Nakshatra at Birth Time.

8. To calculate the Dasha Balance, apply the following formula:

Running Nakshatra (Number) – 2

9. If the difference is more than 9, then take the Remainder, from which we get the applicable Dasha running with following formula:

S.No. Remainder Number Dasha of Planet Running

1. 1 Sun
2. 2 Moon
3. 3 Mars
4. 4 Rahu
5. 5 Jupiter
6. 6 Saturn
7. 7 Mercury
8. 8 Ketu
9. 0 Venus

 

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However, if the (Running Nakshatra – 2) is less than 9, then take the number as the Running Dasha Lord.

10. After determining the Dasha Running, take the Decimal Portion and work out the balance of Dasha remaining, by deducting the Decimal Portion from 1.

11. Then convert the Remaining Portion back to years, months and days to quantify the Balance of Dasha in years, months and days.

MAHA DASHA / ITS SUB-DIVISION:

1. Dasha of each Lord (commencing from Date of Birth) is called Maha Dasha.

If at the Birth Time, the native has the balance of Dasha of Ketu (say of 2 years), then the native will be running Ketu Maha Dasha (for the balance period of 2 years) and thereafter, the Maha Dashas of Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars etc. will follow for the respective durations.

2. Maha Dasha (MD) of each Lord is further subdivided, viz.,:

· Antar Dasha (AD);
· Pratyantar Dasha (PAD);
· Sookshma Dasha (SD);
· Pran Dasha etc (PRD).

3. ANTAR DASHA:

In each MD, a native will have the AD of each of the 9 Planets in the same order in which their MD is counted. However, the first of the AD will be that of the Lord of whose MD is running and thereafter the Order will follow.

That is, for Jupiter Maha Dasha, the first Antar Dasha will be that of Jupiter, followed by Saturn, Mercury, Ketu etc.

 

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Duration of Antar Dasha:

The duration of the Antar Dasha of each Planet will be in proportion to the years allotted in Maha Dasha.

For example: Venus is having a Maha Dasha of 20 years out of the Vimshottari Dasha of 120 years, or a proportion of 20/120 years; accordingly during Venus Maha Dasha, Venus will have an Antar Dasha of 20/120[SUP]th[/SUP] part of 20 years; Moon will have 10/120[SUP]th[/SUP] part of 20 years, Saturn will have 19/120[SUP]th[/SUP] Part of 20 years and so on.

Formula to calculate the Antar Dasha:

MD Period x AD of respective Lord (Years)
120

Alternatively: MD x AD months
10

For example: Sun will have MD of 6 Years and his AD in his MD will be (6 x 6)/10 months; or 3.6 months, i.e. 3 months and 18 days. Moon’s AD will be (6 x 10)/10 or 6 months.

 

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4. PRATYANTAR DASHA:

Pratyantar Dasha (or PAD) means the further sub-division of AD of each Planet. Like the AD of each Planet in MD; AD of each Planet (in MD) will have PAD of each Planet.

Here also, first the PAD of the AD Lord will commence followed by the PAD of other Lords in seriatim. That is, if we have to calculate the PAD of Planets during the AD of Rahu in the MD of Venus, the PAD will start from Rahu, followed by Jupiter, Saturn etc., which can be referred to as Venus-Rahu-Rahu, Venus-Rahu-Jupiter, Venus-Rahu-Saturn etc.

Duration of PAD each Planet will again be proportionate to the period in MD, i.e., for Venus-Rahu-Rahu, it will be 18/120 of (20 x 18)/120 years; or simply stated:

MD x AD x PD DAYS.
40

That is for Saturn PAD in Saturn AD of Rahu MD, the duration of Saturn PAD will be (18 x 19 x 19)/40 or 162.45 days or 5 months 12 days (rounded off).

 

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5. CALCULATION OF AD FOR THE MD AT BIRTH:

A birth may not occur exactly at the commencement of the MD of any Planet, hence we are left with the Balance of MD of the particular Planet, so also the AD of different planets/grahas.

Therefore, to calculate the AD or PAD for the balance period of MD at Birth will need special attention.

STEPS TO CALCULATE THE AD/PAD FOR BALANCE OF MD:

1. After ascertaining the Balance of MD, we calculate the elapsed time of MD by deducting Balance of MD from total duration of MD.

2. Deduct elapsed time to the Date of Birth to get the commencement date of the relevant MD.

3. Then, calculate the respective ADs for the MD at Birth and find during which AD the Birth has taken place.

4. Similarly, calculate for PAD from AD.

6. FORMULAR FOR CALCULATING SUKSHMA DASHA (SD):

(MD x AD x PD x SD)/200 Hrs.

7. FORMULAR FOR CALCULATING PRAN DASHA (PRD):

(MD x AD x PD x SD x PRD)/400 Hr Minutes.

 

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DIVISIONAL CHARTS:

A number of Divisional Charts are prepared for accurate predictions.

1. SHADVARGA [6 CHARTS):

Following SIX Charts are referred to as Shadvarga Charts

D1 Birth Chart (Personal Features);
D2 Hora Chart (Money related);
D3 Dreshkona or Drekkana Chart (Brothers);
D9 Navamsha Chart (Marriage/Spouse);
D12 Dwadashamsha Chart (Parents); and
D30 Thrimshamsha Chart (Destiny).

2. SAPTAKA VARGA [7 CHARTS]:

Shadvarga Charts along with D-7 (Saptamamsha Chart – Issues/ Children) are known as Saptaka Varga Charts.
3. DASA VARGA [10 CHARTS]:

Sapta Varga Charts plus D10 Chart (Profession), D16 Chart (Desires) and D60 Chart (all matters) are called Dasa Varga charts.

4. SHODASA VARGA [16 CHARTS]:

Dasa Varga Charts together with D-4 Chart, D-20 Chart, D-27 Chart, D-40 Chart, D-45 Chart and D-24 Chart are known as Shodasa Varga Charts.

 

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5. PREPARATION OF DIVISIONAL CHARTS:

1. HORA [D-2]:

All the Planets are placed in two Signs or Houses, i.e. of Sun (Leo) and Moon (Cancer) by applying following formula.

Planet placed in D1 First Hora Second Hora
(0[SUP]o [/SUP]– 15[SUP]o[/SUP]) (15[SUP]o [/SUP]– 30[SUP]o[/SUP])

Odd (Aries, Gemini etc.) Leo (Sun) Cancer (Moon)
Even (Taurus, Cancer etc.) Moon (Cancer) Leo (Sun)

2. DRESHKONA/DREKKANA [D-3 CHART]:

Each Sign/House is divided into 3 Parts of 10[SUP]O[/SUP] each and Planets in each sign shall be placed in D-3, per following Rule:

1. 0[SUP]o [/SUP]to 10[SUP]o[/SUP]: Same Position as in D-1 Chart
2. 10[SUP]o [/SUP]to 20[SUP]o[/SUP]: In 5[SUP]th[/SUP] House/Sign from Position as in D-1 Chart
3. 20[SUP]o [/SUP]to 30[SUP]o[/SUP]: In 9[SUP]th[/SUP] House/Sign from Position as in D-1 Chart

 

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3. NAVAMSHA [D-9 CHART]:

Movable Signs (Chara): 1, 4, 7 and 10
Fixed Signs (Sthira): 2, 5, 8 and 11
Dual Signs (Dwiswabhava): 3, 6, 9 and 12


Each Sign/House is divided into 9 equal parts (Navamsha), i.e. 30[SUP]o[/SUP] divided by 9 and we get each Navamsha of 3[SUP]o[/SUP]-20’. D-9 Chart is prepared by applying following formula for Planets placed in D-1.

F-1
E-10
A-7
W-4
1. For Fiery Signs [Aries (1), Leo (5), Sagittarius (9)], Running Navamsha will be counted from Moveable Sign amongst Fiery Signs [i.e. Aries (1)] and placed in relevant Sign/House in D-9.

2. For Earthy Signs [Taurus (2), Virgo (6), Capricorn (10)], Running Navamsha will be counted from Moveable Sign amongst Earthy Signs [i.e. Capricorn (10)] and placed in relevant Sign/House in D-9.

3. For Airy Signs [Gemini (3), Libra (7), Aquarius (11)], Running Navamsha will be counted from Moveable Sign amongst Airy Signs [i.e. Libra (7)] and placed in relevant Sign/House in D-9.

4. For Watery Signs [Cancer (4), Scorpio (8), Pisces (12)], Running Navamsha will be counted from Moveable Sign amongst Watery Signs [i.e. Cancer (4)] and placed in relevant Sign/House in D-9.

 

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4. DWADASHAMSHA [D-12 CHART]:

Each Sign/House is divided into 12 equal parts (Dwadashamsha), i.e. 30[SUP]o[/SUP] divided by 12 and we get each Dwadashamsha of 2[SUP]o[/SUP]-30’. D-12 Chart is prepared by applying following formula for Planets placed in D-1.

· Determine Running Dwadashamsha for a Planet;

· Count Running Dwadashamsha from the position of Planet in D-1 Chart and place the Planet in a D-12.

5. THRIMSHAMSHA [D-30 CHART]:

All Planets are placed in the Houses of Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus and Saturn, as under:

Thrimshamsha Part Odd Sign Even Sign

0[SUP]o[/SUP] - 5[SUP]o[/SUP] 1-2 Mars (Aries) Venus (Taurus)
5[SUP]o[/SUP] - 12[SUP]o[/SUP] 10-6 Saturn (Capri.) Merc. (Virgo)
12[SUP]o[/SUP] - 18[SUP]o[/SUP] 9-12 Jupiter (Sagitt.) Jupiter (Pisces)
18[SUP]o[/SUP] - 25[SUP]o[/SUP] 3-11 Merc. (Gemini) Saturn (Aquar.)
25[SUP]o[/SUP] - 30[SUP]o[/SUP] 7-8 Venus (Libra) Mars (Scorpio)

6. SAPTAMAMSHA [D-7 CHART]:

A Sign is divided into 7 equal parts of 4[SUP]o[/SUP]17’09”.
Placement for the Running Saptamamsha will be as under:

· For Odd Signs, count the Running Saptamamsha from same sign in D-1; and

· For Even Signs, count the Running Saptmamsha from the VII Sign (House) from the Even Sign in D1.

 

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CALCULATION OF TENTH [X] HOUSE OR MID CUSP:

1. Calculate Sidereal Time at Birth as in Ascendant [i.e. Time period obtained as ‘A – B’or ‘A + B’ in Ascendant calculation.

2. Find the Longitude for ST of Birth for X House (from Page 80 of Table of Ascendants).

3. Make Ayanamsa Correction (Table 6 of Table of Ascendants).

4. Longitude so obtained is the Middle Point of X House.

5. Mid Point of X House is also called Mid Cusp or Meridian Cusp.

CALCULATION OF OTHER HOUSES & BOUNDARIES:

6. If we add six signs (180[SUP]o[/SUP]) to the Ascendant, we get the Longitude or Midpoint of VII House.

7. If we add six signs (180[SUP]o[/SUP]) to the X House, we get the Longitude or Midpoint of IV House.

This gives the Midpoints/Longitudes of 4 Houses or Kendras (i.e., 1, 4, 7 and 10[SUP]th[/SUP]Houses).

8. Other Houses are equally distributed between respective Kendras.

9. First Calculation:

To calculate XI and XII Houses use the following formula:

Ascendant Longitude – X House Longitude
6

Call the Quotient obtained as ‘x’ or Shadamsa.

 

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First Calculate the Midpoints and Boundaries of XI and XII Houses and respective Boundaries as under:

1. If we add a Shadamsa to the Mid Point of X House, we get the Boundary of X and XI Houses.

2. If we add a Shadamsa to Boundary of X & XI Houses, we get the Midpoint of XI House.

3. If we add a Shadamsa to the Midpoint of XI House, we get the Boundary of XI and XII Houses.

4. If we add a Shadamsa to Boundary of XI & XII Houses, we get the Midpoint of XII House.

5. If we add a Shadamsa to the Midpoint of XII House, we get the Boundary of XII & I Houses.

6. If we add a Shadamsa to the Border of XII & I Houses, we get the Ascendant, which we already know and this can be used to verify the calculations.

10. Second Calculation:

Now calculate the II and III Houses and the respective Boundaries with the following formula:

Formula: 30[SUP]0[/SUP] – x, which is called Ekon Shadamsa or simply (1- x).

1. Add the value of (1-x) to Ascendant, to get the Boundary of I and II Houses.

2. Add the value of (1-x) to the Boundary I and II Houses, to get the Midpoint of II House.

3. Add the value of (1-x) to the Midpoint of II House, to get the Boundary of II and III Houses.

4. Add the value of (1-x) to the Boundary II and III Houses, to get the Midpoint of III House.

5. Add the value of (1-x) to the Midpoint of III House, to get the Boundary of III and IV Houses.

6. If we add (1-x) to the Boundary of III and IV Houses, we get the Midpoint of IV House, which is already available and this can be used for cross checking the correctness of calculations.

 

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11. Calculation of Midpoints and Boundaries for remaining Houses:

1. Add 6 Signs to XI House, we get V House;

2. Add 6 Signs to XII House, we get VI House;

3. Add 6 Signs to II House, we get VIII House; and

4. Add 6 Signs to III House, we get IX House.

The above is for Midpoints of respective Houses. Likewise add 6 signs to Boundaries of respective Houses to complete the process.

6. VARGOTTAMANSHA:

If a Planet is placed in the same Sign/House in the Birth Chart (D-1) and Navamsha Chart (D-9), then such Planet is said to be in Vargottamansha.

For Moveable Signs (1, 4, 7 & 10), 1[SUP]st[/SUP] Navamsha is Vargottamansha;
For Fixed Sings (2, 5, 8 & 11), 5[SUP]th[/SUP] Navamsha is Vargottamansha; &
For Dual Signs (3, 6, 9 & 12), 9[SUP]th[/SUP] Navamsha is Vargottamansha.

 

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UPAGRAHAS:

Upa Graphas or Aprakashit Grahas are the invisible influential points. Each Planet has a Upa Graha or Invisible Planet as under:

Planet Upagraha

Sun Kaala
Moon Paridhi or Parivesh
Mars Dhuma or Mrityu
Mercury Ardhaprahara
Jupiter Yama Kantaka
Venus Indra Chaapa (or Kodanda or Chaapa)
Saturn Mandi or Gulika
Rahu Paata or Vyatipaata
Ketu Upketu or Sikhi.

POSITION PLACEMENT OF UPAGRAHAS:

Position of the Upagrahas is calculated in two ways:

· Based on SUN’s Longitude;
· Based on Division of Length of Day/Night.

1. Based on SUN’s Longitude:

Only 5 of the Upagrahas are considered:

1. Dhuma (bad energy of Mars) = Sun + 4[SUP]s[/SUP]13[SUP]0[/SUP]20’
2. Paata (bad energy of Rahu) = 12[SUP]s [/SUP]– Dhuma
3. Paridhi (bad energy of Moon) = Paata + 6[SUP]s[/SUP]
4. Chaapa (bad energy of Ven.) = 12[SUP]s[/SUP] – Paridhi
5. Upaketu (bad energy of Ketu) = 16[SUP]0[/SUP]-4-‘ + Chaapa

Calculation:
Dhuma = Add 4[SUP]s[/SUP]13[SUP]0[/SUP]20’ to Sun Longitude
Paata = 6[SUP]th[/SUP] sign from Dhuma
Chaapa = 7[SUP]th[/SUP] sign from Dhuma.
Paridhi = 6[SUP]th[/SUP] sign from Paata.
Upketu = 16[SUP]0[/SUP]4’ from Chaapa or 1 sign less from Sun Longitude; So Upketu will be in 12[SUP]th[/SUP] Sign from Sun.

2. Based on division of Day/Night:

· Divide length of Day (Sunrise to Sunset) by 8;
· First Part will be ruled by Weekly Lord (i.e. the lord of the day for which calculation is made)
· Subsequent parts will be by the respective lords of days in the serial order;
· Last Part will not have any Lord and this is called NIREESHA;
· Ending point of the respective parts is taken as the rising time of the Ascendant.

If the Sunrise and Sunset are assumed to be at 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. respectively, length of day will be 12 hours and if we divided this by 8, we get 8 parts of 1H.30M each.

So if the day falls on Saturday, Upagrahas are placed as under, commencing with Saturn (Lord of Saturday):

Time Upagraha

6.00 – 7.30 Saturn [Gulika or Mandi]
7.30 - 9.00 Sun [Kaala]
9.00 – 10.30 Moon [Paridhi or Parivesh]
10.30 – 12.00 Mars [Dhuma or Mrityu]
12.00 – 13.30 Mercury [Ardha Prahara]
13.30 – 15.00 Jupiter [Yama Kantaka]
15.00 – 16.30 Venus [Indra Chaapa]
16.30 – 18.00 NIREESHA

So for a native born at 7.30 a.m. (or ascendant rising at end of time of Saturn’s Part) is called GULIKA.

Sign rising at Eastern Origin at the ending time of Sun’ Part [9.00 a.m.] is called KAALA.

 

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FOR DAY BIRTH:

Saturn Gulika
Sun Kaala
Mars Dhuma
Mercury Ardhayushman
Jupiter Yama Kantaka

Moon and Venus have not been allotted any Upagrahas; some claim Paridhi and Indra Chaapa respectively are the Upagrahas.

FOR NIGHT BIRTH:

Divided the Night Duration (Sunset to Sunrise next day) by 8.

1. First Part will be ruled by the 5[SUP]th[/SUP] Lord from the Lord of the Day and the remaining Lords follow in the order of Days.

2. So, if Night Duration is 12 Hours, it will have 8 parts of 1H.30M and for Saturday, the ending time of first part (7.30 p.m.) will have the lordship of Mercury (Wednesday); at 9.00 p.m. Jupiter and 10.30 p.m. Venus and so on.

 

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TIME MEASUREMENT [HINDU SYSTEM]:

1. MEASUREMENT:

1 Day of 24 Hrs: 60 Ghatis
1 Ghati 60 Pala (Kala or Vighati – alternate names)
1 Pala 60 Vipala (Vikala or Lipta)
1 Vipala 60 Vilipta
1 Vilipta 60 Para
1 Para 60 Tatpara

English Time Hindu Time

24 Hrs. 60 Ghatis
1 Hour 2.5 Ghatis
1 Minute 2.5 Pala
1 Second 2.5 Vipala
24 Minutes 60 Pala
24 Seconds 60 Vipala

 

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2. ISTHA KAAL:

Istha Kaal is the time elapsed from Sunrise of that day of Birth to the time of Birth.

3. Calculate the IST of Birth of a native, if Sunrise is 6 a.m. IST and Istha Kaal is 10 Ghati.

Istha Kaal is 10 Ghatis;
Convert to Hours by taking 2.5 Ghatis as 1 Hour
For 10 Ghatis, we get 4 hours.

Istha Kaal = IST at Birth – Sunrise Time
4 Hrs. = IST at Birth – 6.00 a.m.
IST at Birth = 6 a.m. + 4 Hrs or 10 a.m.

EQUATOR:

The imaginary line which cuts the Earth’s Globe into two equal parts (called Northern and Southern Hemispheres) and is perpendicular to the axis of the Earth is known as the Equator.

LONGITUDES:

If we draw imaginary lines of Concentric Circles (i.e. having same or common centre as the Centre of the Earth) on the Globe of the Earth, passing through the North and South Poles, then these will cut the Equator at right angles. These imaginary lines are known as the parallels of Longitudes or meridians of longitudes.

 

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Prime Meridian:

Prime Meridian on the Earth passes through the original Royal Greenwich Observatory near London. The Meridian which passes through Greenwich is considered the circle of Zero Longitude and all places falling on the Meridian have Zero degrees longitude. All places located on East of this meridian have 0 to 180 degrees East longitudes and places located on west of the meridian have 0 to 180 degrees West longitudes.

LATITUDES:

If we draw imaginary circles parallel to the Earth’s Equator the centres of which fall at the axis of the Earth, these imaginary lines are known as Parallels of Latitude. All places located at the Equator have Zero degree Latitude. Places located North of the Equator will have 0 to 90 degrees North Latitude and places located South of Equator will have 0 to 90 degrees South Latitudes depending upon the location of these places.

Thus:

· Longitude of a place is the angular distance of the place’s meridian east or west of the prime meridian;

· Latitude of a place is the angular distance north or south of the equator, measured along its meridian.

With these coordinates, namely Longitude and Latitude, any place on earth can be located.

APOGEE:

Apogee is the point in the orbit of the Moon which is farthest from Earth.

PERIGEE:

Perigee is the point in the orbit of the Moon which is nearest from Earth.

CELESTIAL SPHERE:

If we extend the surface of the Earth indefinitely on the heavens on all sides, with the Observer remaining at the centre, we get what is known as Celestial Sphere.

CELESTIAL EQUATOR:

If we extend Earth’s Equator indefinitely on the heavens, we will get an imaginary circle which will cut the Celestial Sphere into two equal halves. This line is known as the Celestial Equator.

 

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ECLIPTIC:

The apparent path of the Sun (which is actually the path of earth in revolution around the Sun) is known as Ecliptic. This Ecliptic is tilted at an angle of approx. 23[SUP]0[/SUP]-26’ to the Celestial Equator due to the slant of the Earth’s axis. This angle between the planes of Ecliptic and Equator is called the Obliquity of the Ecliptic. Mean Obliquity of the Ecliptic is 23[SUP]0[/SUP]26’25.2” at present.

ZODIAC:

The Broad Belt or Band of about 16 degrees extending 8 degrees on either side of the Ecliptic in which all the planets, in which Hindu Astrology is interested, are situated, is known as ZODIAC.

Zodiac Band of 16 degrees and Ecliptic of 360 degrees is divided into 12 equal parts or imaginary compartments of 30 degrees. These are called the Signs of Zodiac.

There are two methods of making a Zodiac.

· Starting from Vernal Equinox - which is also called Tropical or Sayana Zodiac; however, the starting point of the Zodiac is not standard or fixed, as Vernal Equinox Point is moving backwards at ~ 50 seconds per year.

· Starting from a fixed point, which is 180[SUP]0[/SUP] opposite to Chitra Star, which is called NIRAYANA or sidereal Zodiac. First point of Aries starts from this fixed point. Unlike in Sayana or Tropical Zodiac, the Nirayana or Sidereal Zodiac, which the Hindu or Vedic Astrology follows, remains fixed.


VERNAL EQUINOX or FIRST PART OF ARIES:

Sun is moving on its apparent path called Ecliptic. On its journey, when the Sun crosses from the Southern Celestial Hemisphere to the Northern Celestial Hemisphere and reaches the point of intersection of Celestial Equator or Ecliptic, it is known as the First Point of Aries in Sayana System of astrology. It is also called the Vernal or Spring Equinox. It occurs around 20[SUP]th[/SUP] March each year.

AUTUMNAL EQUINOX OR FIRST PART OF LIBRA:

When the Sun crosses from Northern Celestial Hemisphere to the Southern Celestial Hemisphere and reaches the point of Celestial Equator or Ecliptic, it is known as the First Part of LIBRA in Sayana System. It is also called Autumnal Equinox and occurs around 23[SUP]rd[/SUP]September each year.

When Sun crosses the Equator the duration of the day and night is equal at all places on Earth.

 

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TROPICAL (SAYANA), SIDEREAL (NIRAYANA) LONGITUDES & AYANAMSA:

Vedic Astrology follows the Nirayana or the sidereal zodiac; whereas the Western Astrology follows the Sayana or the tropical zodiac.

“Sayana” zodiac system makes calculations and predictions based on the present position of the planets from a zodiacal point of view.

In the Nirayana system, planetary positions are as seen from Earth by taking into account the tilting of North pole by making corrections accordingly. The word Nirayana is derived from nir + ayana, which means without ayanamsa

According to scientific calculations, present shift started in the year 285 AD, i.e. at that time the North Pole was perfectly vertical at 90 degrees.

Western scientists are officially “credited” with the “discovery” of accurate shifting of earth’s equinox towards the end of the 19th century. They found it to be 50″. Varahamihira, the famous astrologer in the court of Vikramaditya in the year 57BC, clearly mentioned in his work Pancha Siddhantika, based on our ancient Siddhantas, that the ayanamsa is 50.32 seconds, which is considered to be the most accurate one.

Difference between the Sayana longitudes and the Nirayana longitudes of Planets is called “Ayanamsa” or precision. This Ayanamsa difference is the exactly calculated shift or inclination of the equinox.

Ayanamsa = Sayana Longitude – Nirayana Longitude

From the longitude position of planets in the Zodiac at this moment, when this Ayanamsa is deducted, we get the correct longitude of the planets as applicable to our position on earth.

PROBLEM:

1. Calculate Nirayana Longitude for Sun, if Sayana Longitude is Aries 28[SUP]o[/SUP]15’ and Ayanamsa is 25[SUP]o.[/SUP]

Sayana Longitude = 0[SUP]s[/SUP]28[SUP]o[/SUP]15’
Ayanamsa = 25[SUP]o[/SUP]

Nirayana Longitude = Sayana Longitude – Ayanamsa
0[SUP]s[/SUP]28[SUP]o[/SUP]15’ – 25[SUP]o[/SUP]
Nirayana Longitude/Sun = 0[SUP]s[/SUP]03[SUP]o[/SUP]15’.

2. Calculate approximate value of Ayanamsa for year 2013 AD.

It was observed that there is a tilt of North Pole of the Earth, measured to be slightly over 23[SUP]o[/SUP], as a result there is a shift in the equinox. It was stated that in the year 285 AD, the North Pole was perfectly at 90[SUP]o[/SUP] or the shift in equinox was 0 and it was ascertained that the shift in equinox, called Ayanamsa, is at 50[SUP]o[/SUP]32’. So to find the value of ayanamsa for 2013 AD, we should find the time elapsed since 285 AD to 2013, which is 1728 Years. As the shift is 50.32” for each year, for 1728 years it comes to 24[SUP]o[/SUP]09’.

Therefore, the approximate value of Ayanamsa for 2013 is 24[SUP]o[/SUP]09’.

 

[GANESH65]

Ashtakavarga is an important prediction tool which can guide you to arrive most appropriate conclusion in analysis of an astrological chart. Strength of any house is determined on the basis of benefic points (Bindus) gained by it on the basis of placement of planets on houses and certain other parmeters.Each planet constitutes certain values based upon its position as per chart given below.

Ashtakavarga is recognized as an outstanding system of prediction among the several systems advocated in the standard works on Vedic astrology. It has been commended as the best and the most indispensable key, so that all predictions have to be made only after a consideration of the Ashtakvarga. The system appears to have originated in the very remote past. Acharya Varahmihira (circa 500 A.D.) mentions it rather casually, as if it had already become an integral part of the standard teaching on astrology in his day, not requiring a very detailed exposition. It is quite likely, therefore, that the system originated some centuries before Varah, perhaps a couple of centuries before Christ.

Generation after generation of astrologers will remain eternally indebted to the great seers who devised the system of "Ashtakvarga" which accomplishes the complex task of handling the intricate web of matrix generated by interactive planetary positions, with admirable aesthetics and commendable ease. This system has a certain originality parallel of which is not found in any other system, anywhere else in the world. "Ashtakvarga" system presents a scope of departure from its traditional applications to the "research" minded Vedic Astrologer. It can be subjected to many innovative applications suited to the modern context The use of Ashtakvarga system by the wisest of astrologer was almost limited in pre-computer era. While calculating it manually, if one error crept in, one could not make use of Ashtakvarga. With the appearance of computers, some good astrological softwares also dawned on global horizon since 1982.

The preparation of complex tables of Ashtakvarga (up to shodhya pinda) was now a matter of few seconds. But unfortunately, no one tried to develop the "APPLICATION PART OF ASHTAKVARGA" which could help an astrologer to make the gross, subtle, subtler and subtlest uses of Ashtakvarga, of which this system is capable of. "Ashtakvarga" has been called 'Nishchayaansh" (or The Decisive part) of astrology. It really deserved a better attention from software developers.

contd..

 

[GANESH65]

The point system under Ashtakavarga for various planets and Rasis are as under

	Aries	Taurus	Gemini	cancer	Leo	Virgo	Libra	Scorpio	Sagittarius	Capricorn	Aquarius	Pisces	Total
Sun	3	6	5	2	3	4	0	5	6	4	4	4	48
Moon	4	3	4	3	3	5	5	2	4	7	5	4	49
Mars	5	6	4	0	4	2	1	5	3	3	3	3	39
Mercury	6	6	6	3	4	4	3	5	4	4	6	3	54
Jupiter	6	4	2	7	5	4	4	5	5	5	5	4	56
Venus	7	6	4	4	2	3	4	5	3	4	4	6	52
Saturn	5	4	5	3	1	3	2	2	4	4	3	3	39
Total	36	35	30	22	22	25	20	28	29	31	30	29	337

 

[GANESH65]

The study of ashtakavarga to analyse the birth chart has a special significance in astrology. A lot of aspects of the native’s life can be determined through it. Apart from analyzing the auspicious and inauspicious aspects of one’s life, it can also be used to actuate Rajyoga. Let’s study the yogas formed by Ashtakvarga for Rajyoga.
· Rajyoga is formed when the Mars and Venus are in their exalted sign, Saturn and Jupiter are in Trikon house and there are 40 or more bindus in ascendant
· When the ascendant, moon ascendant and sun ascendant all three have at least 30 bindus, then the native attains success through his hard work and dedication.
· When Sun and the Jupiter are situated in their exalted sign with 30 bindus, and the count of bindus in the ascendant is more than other houses in the horoscope, then the native lives a life like a king.
· When there are 30 bindus each in the fourth and eleventh house of the horoscope, then the native attains wealth after 40 year of age.
· When the ascendant, moon sign, tenth and eleventh house all have 30 bindus each, and the ascendant and moon are aspected by Jupiter, then the native is blessed with luxurious equivalent to a king.
· Rayogkari Yoga is formed when Mars and Venus are situated in their exalted signs, Saturn is in the Aries and Jupiter in Sagittarius with 40 bindus each.
· Rajyokari Yoga is formed when Sun in the exalted position is in the ascendant and Jupiter in the fourth house with 40 bindus.
· When the auspicious planet in a horoscope is situated in the kendra or trikon and the count of bindu in relation to sarvashtakavarga is considered to be a good time for native
· When there are 28 or more bindus in the Moon sign of the horoscope of both the partners, then the couple lives a blissful married life.