My statement was that before sAmkhya-yOga systems, there was no concept of the "trigunas". The word "guna" was taken to mean just the "quality", associated with the five elements (mahabhutas). Hence our earliest Rishis and sages obviously did not explain the diversity in creation on the basis of the "triguna" concept and hence it can be considered at best as a convenient way of looking at things and not as a sine qua non theory.
Kapila's Samkhya had the similar understanding of 24 factors behind the concept of creation. For them the main CAUSE of creation is the PradhAna/Prakriti of 3 gunas. The (apara)
Prakriti (Matrix of physical world) in equilibrium/inactive state is said to be in Tamas. Mahat , Ahamkara are evolved from them, then the subtle elements and the gross elements. These 5 elements cannot form the different objects without mixing up in different proportions called 'Panchikarana', which resulted in 5 cognitive senses (sAttvika), 5 conative senses(rAjasic) and mind (ego, chitta, buddhi). Ofcourse, all these subtle senses exist for the experience of the
jivAtman/self (para prakriti).
So, you are right in a way like buddhists
, that we don't see anything other than those 5 elements. But, every object is not neuter, eventhough it has a composition of other qualities, one quality is dominant, this
state of being/quality is called
guna/nature. Flower has a sAttvika nature of being soft,pleasing,fragrant. Citrus/onions are pungent,acidic in both smell, taste and rough in touch etc. Smoke, CT-scans are obviously hazardous/tamasic.
Such 'unique' states of nature gives rise to the various forms/names of objects, while the causal 5 qualities/elements (of pancha-bhutas) itself qualify as neutral or raw.
Our smriti and struti has the mention of all these components, but their primary focus was to establish that the Prakriti and jiva, cannot exist or create themselves, without the power of the Creator. So, later acharyas have disapproved the samkhya's view of not having Brahman as the cause and the self of the universe.
Some references:
'I know this
Purusha who is great, who is of the brilliance of the sun and who is beyond tamas (prakriti)'. Sve. Up
He is the master of the primordial nature and of the individual selves (sve II5.13)
The entire universe being deluded by the
3 gunas of prakriti does not recognize me, who is above them and imperishable' Gita 7.13
'Under my guidance, Prakriti gives birth to the moving and the unmoving' - Gita 9.10, 14.3
'Sattva, rajas and tamas are born out of prakrti'. They bind the immutable dweller (self) in the body' - Gita 14.5
Possessing various powers, these elements were unable to produce without combining. But having entered into mutual conjunction, through the creative power of the Lord (devAtma-sakti), they from the Mahat down to the individual beings, produce the BrahmAnda' - Sve Upa. [C, B, A Upa)
They realised Him to be of the form of the wheel, having one rim(prakriti), having 3 constituents (gunas). Sve.Upa 1-4
'In this Brahman wheel, the jiva wanders about so long as it thinks that the self in him is different from the controller (the Lord),. But when the self is blessed by the Lord , it attains immortality'.
"This one is unborn (matter/prakriti)
red, white, and black, which gives birth to many creatures similar to itself; and an unborn (jiva/purusha) lies attached to it and enjoys it, while another unborn (realized jiva) gives it up having had its enjoyment" - Nara. Upa - 70, Swe. Upa - 19
[The red refers to activity/rajas, white for sattva/goodness, black for tamas/ignorance]
He who is associated with 3 gunas is the agent of the actions, the enjoyer and the experiencer of its results. Sve. Up 5-7