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Viola is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae. There are about 400–500 species distributed around the world. Most species are found in the Northern Hemisphere as well as in Hawaii, Australasia and the Andes.
Viola species may be perennial plants or annual plants or small shrubs. A large number of species and varieties are grown in gardens for their ornamental flowers.
The multicolored, large-flowered cultivars which are raised annually or biennially from seeds are called pansy. The terms “viola” and “violet” are normally reserved for small-flowered annuals or perennials.
When newly opened, Viola flowers may be used to decorate salads or in stuffing for poultry or fish. Some desserts are flavored with essence of Viola flowers. The young leaves are edible raw or cooked and taste rather bland.
‘Rebecca’ one of the Violetta violets has a distinct vanilla flavor with a touch of wintergreen. The perfume of V.odorata suits all desserts, teas and fruit salads. The flavor of V. tricolor suits sweet as well savory food. The heart-shaped leaves of V.odorata is a free source of greens throughout the growing season.
Viola odorata is candied or crystallized by giving a coating of egg white and crystallized sugar. Alternatively, the flower is immersed in the hot sugar syrup and stirred until the sugar recrystallizes.
Candied violets are made commercially in France, where they are known as violette de Toulouse. They are used for decorating or included in aromatic desserts.
The French also make violet syrup from an extract of violets. In the United States violet scones and marshmallows are made with this French violet syrup.
Viola essence is used to flavor the confectionery and liquors. Violets are rich in vitamin A and C and contain the antioxidant anthocyanin. Viola flowers are used to make a herbal tea.
Viola odorata is used as a source for scents in the perfume industry. Ionone in the flowers turns off our ability to smell the fragrant compound for moments at a time making the scent appear flirty.
Centaurea cyanus / Cornflower / Bachelor’s button / Bluebottle / Boutonniere flower / Hurtsickle / Cyani flower – all represent a small annual flowering plant, native to Europe in the family of Asteraceae.
It grows from 16 – 35 inches in height and has grey-green branched stems. The flowers are of an intense blue color. A ring of a few large, spreading ray florets surround a central cluster of disc florets. The blue pigment is protocyanin.
Fields growing grains such as wheat, barley, rye, or oats are known as corn fields in the UK. In the past this plant often grew in the crop fields as a weed. Hence its name as corn flower.
It is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. Several cultivars have varying pastel colors, including pink and purple. Centaurea is also grown for the cut flower industry in Canada for use by florists.
The most common color variety for this use is a doubled blue variety such as ‘Blue Boy’ or ‘Blue Diadem’. White, pink, lavender and black (actually a very dark maroon) are also used but less commonly.
It is also occasionally used as a culinary ornament. Cornflowers have been used and prized historically for their blue pigment. Cornflowers are often used as an ingredient in some tea blends and tisanes.
Wild cornflower floral water is produced in Provence, France. It is obtained by steam distillation which can be used as a natural mild astringent and antiseptic to prevent eye infections as well as an alcohol-free natural toner.
Cornflowers germinate quickly after planting. The cornflower is the official flower of France. It flowers from June until August. The cornflower is considered a useful weed. Is edible flowers are used to add lovely color to salads.
Taraxacum officinale, or the common dandelion, is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae. It can be found growing as weeds worldwide in areas with moist soils.
T. officinale is considered a weed in lawns and along roadsides. Common dandelion is best known for its yellow flower heads that turn into round balls of silver tufted fruits and get dispersed in the wind.
Though dandelion is considered as a weed by gardeners and lawn owners, the plant has several culinary and medicinal uses. The name ‘officinalis’ refers to its value as a medicinal herb. The word is derived from the word officina, meaning a workshop or pharmacy.
Dandelion wine is made from the flowers and the greens are used in salads. Dandelion roots baked and ground into a powder is used as a substitute for coffee. The Native Americans used the plant as a food and medicine.
Dandelions are wild crafted or grown on a small scale. The leaves or the dandelion greens can be eaten cooked in soups or raw in salads. They closely resemble the mustard greens.
Usually the young leaves and unopened buds are eaten raw in salads, while older leaves are cooked. Raw leaves have a slightly bitter taste. Dandelion salad is often accompanied with hard boiled eggs. The leaves are rich in Vitamin A and Vitamin C. They contain more calcium and iron than even spinach.
Dandelion wine and saison ale are made from the dandelion flowers. Dandelion and burdock is a popular soft drink in U.K! Dandelion flower jam is another popular recipe using the flowers.
In some parts world, dandelion flowers are used to make May-honey, a syrup of honey substitute with added lemon. This “honey” is credited with a medicinal property against liver problems. Ground roasted dandelion root can be used as a decaffeinated coffee.
In herbal medicine, Dandelion is used for increasing appetite, improving digestion and as a mild laxative. The milky latex has been used as a mosquito repellent and as a folk remedy to treat warts
,Hello RR Mam ,to post 148,we use the cut onions when we paint,white-wash ,etc done @ home .its very effective,as some are allergy to chemicals,but to be done with few ,not single,depends on the size of room .
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