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science facts

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  • The USA has more tornadoes than any other country in the world, averaging around 1200 a year. This is due largely to its unique geography which forms an area in central USA called “Tornado Alley” which is frequently hit by tornadoes.Tropical cyclones (often referred to as hurricanes or typhoons) feature strong winds, driving rain, rough seas and areas of low atmospheric pressure. They frequently form in tropical areas of the globe and can do considerable damage to populated areas. Examples of this include the 1970 Bhola cyclone, Typhoon Nina which hit China in 1975 and more recently in 2005 when Hurricane Katrina which caused great devastation and loss of life when it hit southern parts of the USA.
 
Electricity Facts:


  • Modern society relies heavily on the convenience and versatility of electricity. It powers your microwave, helps light your house, lets you watch TV and so much more.
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  • Electric current is measured in amperes (amps).

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  • Electric potential energy is measured in volts.
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  • Two positive charges repel each other, as do two negative charges. Opposite charges on the other hand attract each other.

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  • When an electric charge builds up on the surface of an object it creates static electricity. You have probably experienced static electricity in the form of a small electric shock, which is what happens when the electric charge is quickly neutralized by an opposite charge.
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  • Electric eels can produce strong electric shocks of around 500 volts for both self defense and hunting.

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  • Electric circuits can contain parts such as switches, transformers, resistors and transformers.
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  • A common way to produce electricity is by hydropower, a process that generates electricity by using water to spin turbines attached to generators.

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  • The world’s biggest source of energy for producing electricity comes from coal. The burning of coal in furnaces heats boiler water until it becomes steam which then spins turbines attached to generators.
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  • Lightning is a discharge of electricity in the atmosphere. Lightning bolts can travel at around 210,000 kph (130,000 mph), while reaching nearly 30,000 °C (54,000 °F) in temperature.

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  • Electricity plays a role in the way your heart beats. Muscle cells in the heart are contracted by electricity going through the heart. Electrocardiogram (ECG) machines used in hospitals measure the electricity going through someone’s heart, when the person is healthy it usually shows a line moving across a screen with regular spikes as the heart beats.
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  • You may have heard of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). The difference between the two is in the way the electrons flow. In DC electrons move in a single direction while in AC they change directions, switching between backwards and forwards. The electricity use in your home is AC while DC comes from sources that include batteries.

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  • Back in the 1880’s there was even a ‘war of currents’ between Thomas Edison (who helped invent DC) and Nikola Tesla (who helped invent AC). Both wanted their system to be used with AC eventually winning out due to the fact that it is safer and can be used over longer distances.
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  • Electric fields work in a similar way to gravity with an important exception being that while gravity always attracts, electric fields can either attract or repulse.

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  • American Benjamin Franklin carried out extensive electricity research in the 18th century, inventing the lightning rod amongst his many discoveries. Lightning rods protect buildings in the event of lightning by conducting lightning strikes through a grounded wire.

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Plant Facts :

  • Tree resin which has been fossilized is known as amber, it sometimes contains plant material or small animals that were trapped inside. More tree facts for kids.
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  • Some plants are carnivores, gaining nutrients by eating various small insects and spiders. A well known example of a carnivorous plant is the Venus Flytrap.
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  • Bamboo can be a fast growing plant, some types can grow almost a metre (3.28 feet) in just one day!
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  • While using energy from sunlight, plants turn carbon dioxide into food in a process called photosynthesis.

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  • Around 2000 different types of plants are used by humans to make food.
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  • Onions might taste good but they can be painful to chop. A gas is released when you cut onions that irritates you eyes, the tears you produce while this happens are your body’s way of washing it from your eyes

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  • In the agricultural industry, to ensure crops of food grow well water is often added to soil in the form of irrigation.
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  • Plant matter found at the bottom of areas with water such as swamps can eventually turn into coal due to a process called metamorphosis (changing form).

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  • Plant matter found at the bottom of areas with water such as swamps can eventually turn into coal due to a process called metamorphosis (changing form).
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  • There are over 200,000 identified plant species and the list is growing all the time.
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  • Poison ivy produces a skin irritant called urushiol. Touching poison ivy will cause an allergic reaction, usually in the form of an itchy rash on the skin.

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Fertilizers are chemicals added to plants to help them grow. Important elements in fertilizers include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Manure (animal waste) is also used as a fertilizer.
 
Flight Facts:

  • While birds have been flying for millions of years, it's something relatively new to humans and we rely on some important scientific principles to achieve it.​
  • Beginning with simple kites, humans have moved on to develop gliders, airships, helicopters, commercial planes and even supersonic flight​
 
  • Supersonic flight (breaking the sound barrier) is achieved when an object travels at a speed faster than sound (1235kph, 768mph).​
  • The Wright Brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were American aviation pioneers who created the first successful airplane, thanks in part to their invention of 3-axis control, enabling the pilot to effectively control the plane.
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  • While a number of flight pioneers were working on their own powered flight at the time (including New Zealand's Richard Pearse) the Wright Brothers are widely credited with the first controlled and sustained human flight on December 17, 1903.​
  • Planes have wings that feature an airfoil (aerofoil) shape, this is important as it helps overcome the effect of gravity pulling down on the plane.
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  • The wing creates lift as it moves through the air, a process that can be explained by Bernoulli's principle. Because of the airfoil shape, air flows faster over the top than the bottom, creating higher pressure underneath the wing which then pushes the plane up through the lower air pressure.​
  • Disturbed air and friction create drag as the plane moves forward, slowing it down
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  • An engine provides thrust to move the plane forward at a speed great enough to overcome drag and allow the wings to create the lift necessary to fly.​
  • Airships and blimps are lighter than air and use buoyancy for flight. They are typically filled with gas (such as helium) that is less dense than the surrounding atmosphere.
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  • The only living things capable of powered flight are insects, birds and bats.​
  • While some can glide, bats are the only mammals that can achieve sustained level flight.
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Funny Science Facts:

  • Rabbits and parrots can see behind themselves without even moving their heads!​

  • Butterflies taste food by standing on top of it! Their taste receptors are in their feet unlike humans who have most on their tongue.
 
  • Most of the dust in your home is actually dead skin! Yuck!

  • Although the Stegosaurus dinosaur was over 9 metres long, its brain was only the size of a walnut.
 
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