Namaskaaram!
I follow vaakya/paambu panchangam. Please let me know how to identify shannavathi days. amavasai, maasa pirappu, mahalaya paksham are straightforward. However, I want to learn how to identify vyathipaadham, vaithruthi, yugadhi, manvaadhi, etc. Also, how to should the yogam and karanam are to be identified for a given date and time? I could not decipher these information in panchangam.
Please guide me.
I will answer first the query on yogam and karaNam.
Let us read the line in paambu panchangam on 15 May 2025.
First is vaaram (Thrursday), next is tithi (tRtiiyai upto 52 naazhi 40 vinaadi; they have converted the duration in modern time i.e. tRtiiyai duration is up to 03:04 am on the next day), next is nakshatra (jesshTha nakshatram up to 18 naazhi 48 vinaadi (converted into modern time 01:40 pm in the afternoon), next is yogam (shiva yoga up to 1 naazhi 40 vinaadi (if converted into modern time, shiva yogam duration is up to 40 minutes after sun rise on that day, say up to 06:40 am, then citta yogam starts from 06:41 am to next day 06:26 am; to know what is the next yoga after shiv yoga, look at the panchaangam same day or next day (if the duration of the yogam is very less in the day, they will mention the next yogam on the same day, otherwise on the next day; same principle as followed for tithi and nakshatra), next comes karaNam (vaNija karaNam up to 21 naazhi 22 vinaadi; if converted to modern time, say till 02:31 pm and then saadya karaNamis ascendant till next day).
For this to understand, we have to know the names of the 27 yogas and the names of the 11 karaNas
I give below the names:
Yogam: visshkambha, preeti, aayusshmaan, sowbhaagya, sshobhana, atikaNDa, sukarma, tRti, shoola, kaNDa, vRtti, dRva, vyaapaga, harshaNa, vajra, siddhi, vyaadiipaada, variiyaana, pariiga, shiva, citta, saadya, shubha, shubra, braahmya, mahendra, vaidRtii
KaraNam: bava, baalava, kaulava, taitila, garaja, vaNija, bhadraa, shakuni, catusshpaada, naagava, kimstughna
[
How to pronounce: ‘ssh’ as in vissham (poison), ‘N’ as in lavaNam (salt), ‘D’ as in divyam (divine), ‘R’ as in Rsshi (sage), ‘sh’ as in eesha (lord), ‘c’ as in caturti (fourth tithi), ‘d’ as in danam (wealth), ‘gh’ as in ghanam (thick)]
For converting our Hindu time in naazhi and vinaadi to modern time in hours and minutes, follow the formula:
60 naazhi = 1 day = 24 hour = 1440 minutes
60 vinaadi = 1 naazhi = 24 minutes
From this we derive, 1 naazhi is 24 minutes and 10 vinaadi is 4 minutes.
So, on 15 May 2025, tRtiiyai is up to 52 naazhi and 40 vinaadi; it is converted into 1248 minutes plus 16 minutres = 1264 minutes = 21 hours and 4 minutes; if Sun is assumed to rise at 6 am on 15 May 2025, tRtiiyai tithi duration is up to the whole of 15th and further up to 3 hours and 4 minutes on 16th early morning; thereafter, caturti tithi starts.
Same principle for calculation of duration for nakshatra, yogam and karaNam.
While vaaram, nakshatram, tithi and yogam occur in strict serial order, it is not so in karaNam. So, we have to be careful, as what panchangam says about that day’s karaNam and what follows after that. This is because first seven karaNams repeat often, while the last four karaNams occur occasionally.
I do not know the reason, but it is so.
As regards, sshaNNavati tarpaNam dates, the vaakya panchaangam (paambu panchangam) discloses on the respective days, the manvaadi days, tisresshTaka, asshTaka and anvasshtaka days, kRtu yugaadi, tretaa yugaadi, dvapara yugaadi and kali yugaadi days.
As regards vyaadiipaadam and vaidRtii, these are two names out of 27 yogams. So, we find the tarpaNam dates for vyaadiipaadam and vaidRtii fall on those days when these yogams are ascendant.
Why tarpaNam are done for only for these two yoga days , I do not know.
Also, if the yogam spreads on two days, which usually is, on which day should it be done? I do not have clear answer.
Some one having more knowledge on this area may explain.
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