Background
The earlier blog on saMkhya as a design pattern is here
I wanted to correct an 'error' that crept into vAyu -Organ system mapping in the previous blog. While I do that I also wanted to quote references for the same.
The primary purpose of this series is not ayurveda. It is to show that saMkhya is a design pattern of thermodhynamics with enthalpy, entropy, negentropy, organs of entropy and enthalpy, four energy potentials of thermodynamics, zero-point energy, measures of these energy whose combinations manifest the five states of matter.
But I also wanted to illustrate that this design pattern applies to a biological being also and that's the basis of ayurveda. Hence a bit extending into ayurveda.
Susruta samhita - Nidana SthAnam - Chapter 1
From the book
Now wc shall discourse on the Vatavyadhi- (diseases of the nervous system)
Having clasped the feet of the holy Dhanvantari, who had arisen out of the primordial ocean with the pitcher of ambrosia on his head, and who was the foremost of all knowers of truth, Sus'hruta interrogated him as follows :—"Tell me.O thou, the foremost of discoursers, all about the different locations and functions of the bodily Vayu (nerve force), both in its normal and agitated conditions, (as well as when it changes its natural seat through a concourse of disturbing or aggravating causes). Instruct me on the nature of distempers, which result from its deranged condition".
The holy Dhanvantari, the greatest of all healers, having listened to the foregoing words of Sus'hruta, replied as follows:—This vital Vayu (nerve force), which courses through the body, is self-begotten in its origin, and is regarded as identical with the divine energy of eternal life (God), in as much as it is unconditional and absolute in its actions and effects, eternal and self-origined, and is subtle and all-pervading (like the sky and the atoms). It is the primary factor, which determines the principle of cause and effect in all forms of created things, whether mobile or immobile. It is so called (VAyu) from the fact of its coursing (skr. Va—to move) throughout the universe. It determines the growth, origin and disintegration of all animated organisms, and
as such, it receives the homage of all created brings. Although invisible in itself, yet its works are patent or manifest.
My observations:
1. vAyu is vital energy of the body. It is self-begotten in its origin. It manifests in the body and identical with energy itself. It is characterized by 'movement'. It determines cause and effect in all beings. Like energy vAyu determines the growth, origin and disintegration of all animated organisms. It is invisible, but manifest.
Thus vAyu is similar to the thermodynamic energy potentials which propels growth, origin and disintegration of all matter, determines the cause and effect in them.
From the book
It abounds in the fundamental quality of Rajas (principle of cohesion and action), is of inconceivable prowess, propels all the deranged or obstructing principles (Doshas) in the organism, (or in other words, is primarily concerned with the deranged principles of the body which are pathogenic in their actions). It is instantaneous in its action, and radiates or courses through the organism in constant currents.
My observations
Like work done part of enthalpy (energy) fundamental quality of vAyu is Rajas (holding and moving, potential and kinetic). Like energy locked, held and released in matter is what is matter evolution, vAyu locked, held and released from body is what is bodily evolution.
From the book
Now, hear me describe the symptoms, which mark the Vayu, as it courses through the organism. The Vayu, in its normal or undisturbed condition, maintains a state of equilibrium between the different Doshas and the root principles of the body (Dhatu); it further tends to maintain uniform state in the metabolism of the body, (protoplasmic, Agni*) and helps the organs of sense-perception in discharging their specific functions.
The bodily Vayu, like the Pittam in the organism, is grouped under five different subheads according to the difference in its functions and locations, and is classified as the Prana, Udana. Samana, V}-ana and Apana. These five classes of Va\-u, located in their specific regions, contribute towards the integration and maintenance of the body.
My observations
vAyu (the energy of biological body) is located in different specific regions of the body with different functions, which we can call as 'organ systems'. These organ systems contribute towards integration and maintenance of the body. The organ systems are five. prAna, udAna, samAna, vyAna and apAna.
From the book:
The Prana Vayu :—The VAyuu that courses in (governs)the cavity of the mouth is called the Prana. its function being to force down the food into the cavity of the stomach, and to assist the different vitalising principles of the body- (such as the internal heat or fire etc ) in discharging their functions in life, and to contribute to the general sustenance of the body. A deranged condition of this particular kind of Vayu (Prana) is usually followed by hic-cough,dyspnea and other kindred distempers.
My observations
prAna is respiratory system, whose condition causes cough or asthma/copd (dyspnea). It is through throat, the cavity of mouth. It helps in separating breathing and swallowing and ensures food is forced on towards stomach.
From the book:
The Udana Vayu : —The most important of the vital Vayus, which courses (sends its vibrations) upward, is called the Udana. It produces speech, song, etc. In its deranged state it brings on diseases which are specifically confined to regions lying above the clavicles
My observations
udAna is the central nervous system. clavicle are the collar bones.
From the book:
The Samana Vayu :—The Samana Vayu courses in (governs) the stomach (Amashaya) and in the region of intestines (Pakvashaya). Its functions consist in digesting the chyme brought down into the intestines in unison with the digestive ferment (Agni), and especially in disintegrating its essence from its refuse or excreted matter. A deranged or aggravated condition of the
Samana Vayu causes dysentry, Gulma, and impaired digestion.
My observations
samAna is digestive system.
From the book:
The Vyana Vayu : —The VAyu known as the Vyana courses (.acts) through the whole organism, and its functions consist in sending the lymph chyle etc. all through the body and in helping the out-flow of blood (Asrik) and perspiration. Five kinds of movements* are ascribed to the action of the Vyana VAyu, a deranged condition of which is generally attended
with diseases which arc not confined to any particular region, member, or organ of the body-, but are found to affect the whole organism (such as, fever, etc).
My observations
vyAna is circulatory system that governs the blood flow and hence affects all parts of the body.
From the book:
The Apana Vayu :—The Vayu known as the Apana ads in the lower region of the intestines (Pakvadhana). Its functions consist in bearing down the faeces and evacuting the urine, semen and catamenial blood. An enraged condition of this Vayu tends to bring on .serious diseases, which are peculiar to the urinary bladder and the distal portion of the large intestine (Guda). An aggravated condition of both the Vyana and Apana Vaj-us may produce Prameha and disorders of the seminal fluid, while a simultaneous excitement of the five vital Vayus leads to a sure and speedy termination of life. 11-12.
My observation:
apAna vAyu is the renal system or more precisely the excretory system.
Errors in the last blog-Organ mapping
As I was writing several versions and improvising for the Aditya Hrdayam series, I had taken an earlier version for creating this article (under General Discussion) and ended up with some errors in organ mapping, tanmAtras in matter and in biological beings etc.
I had switched some of the organ system. I mentioned apAna as digestive system, while it is excretory/renal system, samAna as circulatory system while it is digestive system, vyAna as excretory/renal system while it is circulatory system. The explanation and rationale for these are provided above.
Also the energy system-vAyu mapping is this.
prAna - Internal Energy - Respiratory system - Processes gas
apAna - unavailable energy - Excretory/Renal system - Processes liquids
vyAna - available energy - Circulatory system - Processes plasma
udAna - zero-point energy - Central nervous system - Processes electric signals/virtual photons
samAna - work done energy - Digestive system - Processes solid
udAna, the central nervous system is the father of vyAna, the circulatory system. The son of vyAna is apAna the excretory/renal system.
Errors in tanmAtras
Vrtti are energy vortices (four thermodynamic energy potentials and zero-point energy). They are Internal Energy, Available Energy, Unavailable Energy, Work done Energy and zero-point Energy.
These energy vortices are made by five measures, called the five tanmAtras. The five tanmAtras or five measures that create the above energies. They are Internal Energy with which any system is made (U), its Pressure(P), its Volume (V), its Temperature (T) and its Entropy (S). These five measures are related to each other in thermodynamics in the following way.
Internal Energy with which any system is made = U
Unavailable Energy = Temperature * Entropy (T*S)
Work done energy = Pressure * Volume
Available energy = U+PV-TS
Energy available even at zero kelvin - Zero point energy.
The five measures of Internal Energy, Pressure, Volume, Temperature, Entropy are the five measures or five tanmAtras that make up all the five Vrttis. In turn, these five vrttis being in equilibrium, dis-equlibrium, non-equilibrium leads to five states of matter.
The Error I made in the last blog was to mention one of the tanmAtras as 'zero-point energy'. One of the tanmAtras is Internal Energy. Zero-point Energy is one of the Vrtti (energy vortex) which I had correctly mentioned.
TanmAtras of Human body
I had mentioned tanmAtras of human body as main tissue, connective tissue, nerves, ducts and blood-vessels. This was an intermediary understanding.
tanmAtras are 'measures' and not organs. The tanmAtras (five measures that make up) of human organs are
1. Body Temperature (equivalent to temperature T)
2. Blood Pressure in arteries (equivalent to Pressure)
3. Respiration rate of lungs (equivalent to volume)
4. Pulse rate/or some brain activity measure (equivalent to entropy)
5. Body weight (equivalent to Internal energy)
The above five are key measures of a human body like five measures of vrtti/energy vortex.
-TBT
Source
AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA, A FULL AND COMPREHENSIVE INTRODUCTION, ADDITIONAL TEXTS,
DIFFERENT READINGS, NOTES, COMPARATIVE VIEWS, INDEX, GLOSSARY AND PLATES IN THREE VOLUMES EDITED YY
KAVIRAJ KUNJALAL BHISHAGRATNA, M.R.A.S.
Vol. II.
NIDANA-STIIANA, S'ARIRA.STIIANA, CIIIKITSITASTIIANA AND KALPA-STHANA.
-TBT
The earlier blog on saMkhya as a design pattern is here
I wanted to correct an 'error' that crept into vAyu -Organ system mapping in the previous blog. While I do that I also wanted to quote references for the same.
The primary purpose of this series is not ayurveda. It is to show that saMkhya is a design pattern of thermodhynamics with enthalpy, entropy, negentropy, organs of entropy and enthalpy, four energy potentials of thermodynamics, zero-point energy, measures of these energy whose combinations manifest the five states of matter.
But I also wanted to illustrate that this design pattern applies to a biological being also and that's the basis of ayurveda. Hence a bit extending into ayurveda.
Susruta samhita - Nidana SthAnam - Chapter 1
From the book
Now wc shall discourse on the Vatavyadhi- (diseases of the nervous system)
Having clasped the feet of the holy Dhanvantari, who had arisen out of the primordial ocean with the pitcher of ambrosia on his head, and who was the foremost of all knowers of truth, Sus'hruta interrogated him as follows :—"Tell me.O thou, the foremost of discoursers, all about the different locations and functions of the bodily Vayu (nerve force), both in its normal and agitated conditions, (as well as when it changes its natural seat through a concourse of disturbing or aggravating causes). Instruct me on the nature of distempers, which result from its deranged condition".
The holy Dhanvantari, the greatest of all healers, having listened to the foregoing words of Sus'hruta, replied as follows:—This vital Vayu (nerve force), which courses through the body, is self-begotten in its origin, and is regarded as identical with the divine energy of eternal life (God), in as much as it is unconditional and absolute in its actions and effects, eternal and self-origined, and is subtle and all-pervading (like the sky and the atoms). It is the primary factor, which determines the principle of cause and effect in all forms of created things, whether mobile or immobile. It is so called (VAyu) from the fact of its coursing (skr. Va—to move) throughout the universe. It determines the growth, origin and disintegration of all animated organisms, and
as such, it receives the homage of all created brings. Although invisible in itself, yet its works are patent or manifest.
My observations:
1. vAyu is vital energy of the body. It is self-begotten in its origin. It manifests in the body and identical with energy itself. It is characterized by 'movement'. It determines cause and effect in all beings. Like energy vAyu determines the growth, origin and disintegration of all animated organisms. It is invisible, but manifest.
Thus vAyu is similar to the thermodynamic energy potentials which propels growth, origin and disintegration of all matter, determines the cause and effect in them.
From the book
It abounds in the fundamental quality of Rajas (principle of cohesion and action), is of inconceivable prowess, propels all the deranged or obstructing principles (Doshas) in the organism, (or in other words, is primarily concerned with the deranged principles of the body which are pathogenic in their actions). It is instantaneous in its action, and radiates or courses through the organism in constant currents.
My observations
Like work done part of enthalpy (energy) fundamental quality of vAyu is Rajas (holding and moving, potential and kinetic). Like energy locked, held and released in matter is what is matter evolution, vAyu locked, held and released from body is what is bodily evolution.
From the book
Now, hear me describe the symptoms, which mark the Vayu, as it courses through the organism. The Vayu, in its normal or undisturbed condition, maintains a state of equilibrium between the different Doshas and the root principles of the body (Dhatu); it further tends to maintain uniform state in the metabolism of the body, (protoplasmic, Agni*) and helps the organs of sense-perception in discharging their specific functions.
The bodily Vayu, like the Pittam in the organism, is grouped under five different subheads according to the difference in its functions and locations, and is classified as the Prana, Udana. Samana, V}-ana and Apana. These five classes of Va\-u, located in their specific regions, contribute towards the integration and maintenance of the body.
My observations
vAyu (the energy of biological body) is located in different specific regions of the body with different functions, which we can call as 'organ systems'. These organ systems contribute towards integration and maintenance of the body. The organ systems are five. prAna, udAna, samAna, vyAna and apAna.
From the book:
The Prana Vayu :—The VAyuu that courses in (governs)the cavity of the mouth is called the Prana. its function being to force down the food into the cavity of the stomach, and to assist the different vitalising principles of the body- (such as the internal heat or fire etc ) in discharging their functions in life, and to contribute to the general sustenance of the body. A deranged condition of this particular kind of Vayu (Prana) is usually followed by hic-cough,dyspnea and other kindred distempers.
My observations
prAna is respiratory system, whose condition causes cough or asthma/copd (dyspnea). It is through throat, the cavity of mouth. It helps in separating breathing and swallowing and ensures food is forced on towards stomach.
From the book:
The Udana Vayu : —The most important of the vital Vayus, which courses (sends its vibrations) upward, is called the Udana. It produces speech, song, etc. In its deranged state it brings on diseases which are specifically confined to regions lying above the clavicles
My observations
udAna is the central nervous system. clavicle are the collar bones.
From the book:
The Samana Vayu :—The Samana Vayu courses in (governs) the stomach (Amashaya) and in the region of intestines (Pakvashaya). Its functions consist in digesting the chyme brought down into the intestines in unison with the digestive ferment (Agni), and especially in disintegrating its essence from its refuse or excreted matter. A deranged or aggravated condition of the
Samana Vayu causes dysentry, Gulma, and impaired digestion.
My observations
samAna is digestive system.
From the book:
The Vyana Vayu : —The VAyu known as the Vyana courses (.acts) through the whole organism, and its functions consist in sending the lymph chyle etc. all through the body and in helping the out-flow of blood (Asrik) and perspiration. Five kinds of movements* are ascribed to the action of the Vyana VAyu, a deranged condition of which is generally attended
with diseases which arc not confined to any particular region, member, or organ of the body-, but are found to affect the whole organism (such as, fever, etc).
My observations
vyAna is circulatory system that governs the blood flow and hence affects all parts of the body.
From the book:
The Apana Vayu :—The Vayu known as the Apana ads in the lower region of the intestines (Pakvadhana). Its functions consist in bearing down the faeces and evacuting the urine, semen and catamenial blood. An enraged condition of this Vayu tends to bring on .serious diseases, which are peculiar to the urinary bladder and the distal portion of the large intestine (Guda). An aggravated condition of both the Vyana and Apana Vaj-us may produce Prameha and disorders of the seminal fluid, while a simultaneous excitement of the five vital Vayus leads to a sure and speedy termination of life. 11-12.
My observation:
apAna vAyu is the renal system or more precisely the excretory system.
Errors in the last blog-Organ mapping
As I was writing several versions and improvising for the Aditya Hrdayam series, I had taken an earlier version for creating this article (under General Discussion) and ended up with some errors in organ mapping, tanmAtras in matter and in biological beings etc.
I had switched some of the organ system. I mentioned apAna as digestive system, while it is excretory/renal system, samAna as circulatory system while it is digestive system, vyAna as excretory/renal system while it is circulatory system. The explanation and rationale for these are provided above.
Also the energy system-vAyu mapping is this.
prAna - Internal Energy - Respiratory system - Processes gas
apAna - unavailable energy - Excretory/Renal system - Processes liquids
vyAna - available energy - Circulatory system - Processes plasma
udAna - zero-point energy - Central nervous system - Processes electric signals/virtual photons
samAna - work done energy - Digestive system - Processes solid
udAna, the central nervous system is the father of vyAna, the circulatory system. The son of vyAna is apAna the excretory/renal system.
Errors in tanmAtras
Vrtti are energy vortices (four thermodynamic energy potentials and zero-point energy). They are Internal Energy, Available Energy, Unavailable Energy, Work done Energy and zero-point Energy.
These energy vortices are made by five measures, called the five tanmAtras. The five tanmAtras or five measures that create the above energies. They are Internal Energy with which any system is made (U), its Pressure(P), its Volume (V), its Temperature (T) and its Entropy (S). These five measures are related to each other in thermodynamics in the following way.
Internal Energy with which any system is made = U
Unavailable Energy = Temperature * Entropy (T*S)
Work done energy = Pressure * Volume
Available energy = U+PV-TS
Energy available even at zero kelvin - Zero point energy.
The five measures of Internal Energy, Pressure, Volume, Temperature, Entropy are the five measures or five tanmAtras that make up all the five Vrttis. In turn, these five vrttis being in equilibrium, dis-equlibrium, non-equilibrium leads to five states of matter.
The Error I made in the last blog was to mention one of the tanmAtras as 'zero-point energy'. One of the tanmAtras is Internal Energy. Zero-point Energy is one of the Vrtti (energy vortex) which I had correctly mentioned.
TanmAtras of Human body
I had mentioned tanmAtras of human body as main tissue, connective tissue, nerves, ducts and blood-vessels. This was an intermediary understanding.
tanmAtras are 'measures' and not organs. The tanmAtras (five measures that make up) of human organs are
1. Body Temperature (equivalent to temperature T)
2. Blood Pressure in arteries (equivalent to Pressure)
3. Respiration rate of lungs (equivalent to volume)
4. Pulse rate/or some brain activity measure (equivalent to entropy)
5. Body weight (equivalent to Internal energy)
The above five are key measures of a human body like five measures of vrtti/energy vortex.
-TBT
Source
AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA, A FULL AND COMPREHENSIVE INTRODUCTION, ADDITIONAL TEXTS,
DIFFERENT READINGS, NOTES, COMPARATIVE VIEWS, INDEX, GLOSSARY AND PLATES IN THREE VOLUMES EDITED YY
KAVIRAJ KUNJALAL BHISHAGRATNA, M.R.A.S.
Vol. II.
NIDANA-STIIANA, S'ARIRA.STIIANA, CIIIKITSITASTIIANA AND KALPA-STHANA.
-TBT
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