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Yamaya Dharmarajaya --- why is it so important to be in a sandhyavandhanam ritual?

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SANDHYAV

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10. Yama vandanam


Yamaya nama


Yamaya dharma rajaya , mrutyuve cha anthakaya cha


Vaivaswathaya kalaya sarva bhootha kshayaya cha


Oudhumbharaya dhagnaya neelaya parameshtine


Vrukodharaya chithraya chithra gupthaya vai nama


Chithra gupthaya vai nama om nama ithi
Salutations to Yama, the God of death

My salutations and salutations

To Him who can keep in control his senses,

To Him who is the king of justice.

To him who destroys,

To him who can put to an end,

To Him who is the son of Sun God,

To him who represents march of time,

To him who causes death to all beings,

To him who is supremely strong,

To him who is called the universal giver,

To him who has a bluish body,

To him who is being worshipped by all,

To him who has a huge belly,

To him who is really peculiar,

And to him who guards his secret.
 
However much the wolf eats its belly always remains thin, not blown up. It denotes unsatisfied hunger. Vrkodara means of unsatisfied hunger.

Is it Dhagnaya or Dadhnaya (दध्नाय)?
It is said that dadhna is one of the names of Yama. The exact meaning of dadhna is not found in any dictionary. Can anybody help?

Is Oudumbara in anyway related to the udumbara tree (அத்தி? அரசு? ஆல்?)
 
auduṃbara and dadhna are epithets or other names of Yama. See Monier Williams Dictionary.

Digvandanam or prayers to the four cardinal directions somehow became a part of the sandhyāvandanam ritual possibly after the sāṃkhya philosophy, which itself has tāntrika associations, came into vogue. Naturally, Yama has been considered as the ruler of the South right from the Rigveda and so the people who laid down the procedure for sandhyāvandanam, had to include a prayer to Yama for the Southern direction. But, please note that the prayer proper ends with the words citraguptāya (vai) namaḥ; that is to say, the brahmana who does his sandhyāvandanam, prays not to Yama proper but to his accountant citragupta.
 
Assume that Yama Maharaj stops doing what is his duty i.e act at the right time, in the right place and to end the right living being (BODY). Probably we will have no place on this earth. So it is better he continues to discharge his duties so that at least for some time we all live in peace.

So we pray to him.

Regards,

Moodamadayan
 
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